TPD Panerai: turns per day by PAM and FER model

Panerai is an iconic manufacturer whose in-house calibers — OP III, OP IX, P.9000, P.2003 — have specific winding requirements. Most automatic Luminor models operate at 800 TPD clockwise, while Radiomir and some older models require 650 TPD bi-directional. This page compiles all TPD data for the Luminor, Radiomir, and Ferrari by Panerai lines.

To choose the right winder for your Panerai, consult our complete collection of automatic watch winders.

Understanding Panerai TPD

Two families of settings coexist within the Panerai range:

Calibers OP III, OP VIII, OP IX, OP XII, OP XV, OP XVIII, OP XIX, OP XXI, OP XXIV — the majority of automatic Luminor watches — operate at 800 TPD clockwise only. This is the most common standard Panerai setting.

Calibers OP IV, OP VII, OP XIII, ETA 2893, Soprod 9040, GP 59 — Radiomir, Chrono Titanium, GMT Alarm — operate at 650 TPD bi-directional. These calibers are generally older or integrated into thinner cases.

In-house calibers P.9000, P.9001, P.9002, P.2003 (3 Days and 10 Days models) have TPDs to be confirmed with Panerai — their long power reserves require specific settings.

TPD summary table by Panerai family

Caliber	Family / Main Models	Rotation Direction	TPD
OP III	Luminor Marina Auto, Submersible, Sealand	Clockwise	800
OP IV	Luminor Chrono Titanium 40mm	Bi-directional	650
OP VII	Radiomir 40mm, Radiomir GMT	Bi-directional	650
OP VIII	Luminor GMT 44mm	Clockwise	800
OP IX	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm / 40mm	Clockwise	800
OP XII	Luminor Chrono Daylight, Chrono 44mm	Clockwise	800
OP XV	Depth Gauge, Submersible Pangea	Clockwise	800
OP XVIII	Luminor Chrono Rattrapante	Clockwise	800
OP XIX	Luminor Chrono Flyback / Daylight	Clockwise	800
OP XXI	Radiomir / Luminor 1/8 Second	Clockwise	800
OP XXIV	Luminor GMT/Alarm, Ferrari GMT/Alarm	Clockwise	800
OP XXIII	Ferrari Granturismo / Scuderia Chrono 40mm	Bi-directional	650
ETA 2893/2	Luminor GMT 44mm (older models)	Bi-directional	650
Soprod 9040	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm (older)	Bi-directional	650
GP 59	Radiomir GMT/Alarm	Bi-directional	650
P.9000 / P.9001 / P.9002	Luminor 1950 3 Days / GMT Auto	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
P.2003 / P.2003/5	Radiomir / Luminor 10 Days GMT	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
FP 1153 (PAM 073)	Radiomir White Gold	Counter-clockwise	650–900
Standard Luminor Setting	—	Clockwise	800
Standard Radiomir Setting	—	Bi-directional	650

Detailed TPD table by Panerai reference

Reference	Model	Caliber	Direction	TPD
PAM 023	Luminor GMT 44mm	ETA 2893/2	Bi-directional	650
PAM 024	Luminor Submersible Diver's Professional	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 025	Luminor Submersible Diver's Professional	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 027	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	Soprod 9040	Bi-directional	650
PAM 028	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	Soprod 9040	Bi-directional	650
PAM 029	Luminor GMT 44mm	ETA 2893/2	Bi-directional	650
PAM 045	Luminor Chrono 2000 SE	OP V	Clockwise	800
PAM 046	Radiomir GMT/Alarm SE	GP 59	Bi-directional	650
PAM 048	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 049	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 050	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 051	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 052	Luminor Chrono Titanium Steel 40mm SE	OP IV	Bi-directional	650
PAM 057	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	Soprod 9040	Bi-directional	650
PAM 060	Luminor Chrono Flyback 40mm SE	OP VI	Bi-directional	650
PAM 062	Radiomir 40mm	OP VII	Bi-directional	650
PAM 063	Luminor GMT 44mm	OP VIII / ETA 2893	Clockwise	800
PAM 064	Luminor Submersible 1000m SE	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 069	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 070	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 072	Luminor Chrono Titanium Steel 40mm	OP IV	Bi-directional	650
PAM 073	Radiomir White Gold w/diamonds	FP 1153	Counter-clockwise	650–900
PAM 074	Luminor Chrono Titanium Steel 40mm	OP IV	Bi-directional	650
PAM 076	Luminor Blackseal SE	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 086	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 087	Luminor Submersible 1000m 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 088	Luminor GMT 44mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 089	Luminor GMT 44mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 090	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 091	Luminor Marina Auto 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 093	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 098	Radiomir GMT Alarm	GP 59 / OP VII	Bi-directional	650
PAM 103	Radiomir 40mm	OP VII	Bi-directional	650
PAM 104	Luminor Marina Auto 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 106	Luminor Submersible Diver's Prof. 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 119	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 120	Luminor Marina Auto 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 121	Luminor Chrono Titanium Steel 40mm	OP IV	Bi-directional	650
PAM 122	Luminor Chrono 40mm	OP IV	Bi-directional	650
PAM 123	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	Soprod 9040 / OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 124	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 125	Luminor Power Reserve 40mm	OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 126	Luminor Power Reserve 40mm	OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 140	Luminor Marina Auto 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 141	Radiomir 40mm	OP VII	Bi-directional	650
PAM 159	Luminor GMT 40mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 160	Luminor GMT 40mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 161	Luminor GMT 44mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 162	Luminor Chrono 44mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 164	Luminor Marina Auto 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 165	Luminor Marina Auto 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 168	Luminor Chrono Regatta 2003 SE	OP XII	Bi-directional	650
PAM 170	Luminor Submersible Diver's Professional	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 171	Luminor Power Reserve 44mm	OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 180	Luminor Marina Automatic 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 184	Radiomir GMT 42mm	OP VII	Bi-directional	650
PAM 185	Radiomir GMT 42mm	OP VII	Bi-directional	650
PAM 186	Luminor Arktos GMT 44mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 188	Luminor Chrono Daylight 44mm	OP XIX	Clockwise	800
PAM 193	Depth Gauge 47mm	OP XV	Clockwise	800
PAM 196	Luminor Chrono Daylight 44mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 209	Luminor Marina Automatic 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 212	Luminor 1950 Chronograph Flyback 44mm	OP XIX	Clockwise	800
PAM 213	Luminor 1950 Chrono Rattrapante 44mm	OP XVIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 214	Radiomir Chrono Rattrapante 45mm	OP XVIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 220	Luminor Marina Automatic 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 221	Luminor Marina Automatic Titanium 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 229	Luminor Marina	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 235	Radiomir 10 Days GMT 45mm	P.2003	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
PAM 236	Luminor Chrono Daylight 44mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 238	Radiomir GMT/Alarm 42mm	GP 59	Bi-directional	600
PAM 240	Luminor Marina Auto Titanio 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 241	Luminor Power Reserve 40mm	OP IX	Clockwise	800
PAM 242	Radiomir GMT	OP XIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 243	Luminor 1950 Submersible 1000M	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 250	Luminor Chrono Daylight 44mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 279	Luminor Marina Automatic 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 282	Luminor Marina Automatic	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 283	Luminor Marina Automatic 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 287	Radiomir Black Seal Automatic 45mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 288	Radiomir Chrono 45mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 296	Luminor Auto Titanium 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 297	Luminor GMT 44mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 298	Luminor Marina Automatic 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 299	Luminor Marina Automatic 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 301	Luminor Marina Automatic 44mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 305	Luminor 1950 Submersible 3 Days Auto 47mm	P.9000	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
PAM 307	Luminor 1950 Pangea Submersible	OP XV	Clockwise	800
PAM 310	Luminor Chronograph 40mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 312	Luminor 1950 Marina 3 Days Auto 44mm	P.9000	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
PAM 320	Luminor 1950 3 Days GMT Auto 44mm	P.9001	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
PAM 321	Luminor 1950 3 Days GMT Power Reserve Auto	P.9002	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
PAM 326	Luminor Chrono Daylight 44mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 327	Luminor Chrono Daylight Titanio 44mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
PAM 333	Luminor Marina Automatic 40mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
PAM 343	Radiomir Regatta One/Eighth Second Titanio	OP XXI	Clockwise	800
PAM 351	Luminor Marina 1950 3 Days Auto Titanio 44mm	P.9000	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
PAM 352	Luminor Marina 1950 3 Days Automatic	P.9000	Bi-directional	To be confirmed
PAM 355	Radiomir GMT/Alarm 42mm	OP XXIV	Clockwise	800
PAM 361	Luminor 1950 Flyback 44mm	OP XIX	Clockwise	800
PAM 362	Luminor 1950 Chrono Rattrapante	OP XVIII	Clockwise	800
PAM 813–833	Luminor Sealand For Purdey	OP III	Clockwise	800
Slytech Mare Nostrum	5218-301/A, 302, 304	ETA 2801-2+DD3127	Bi-directional	650
FER 001	Ferrari Granturismo Auto 45mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
FER 002	Ferrari Scuderia Auto 45mm	OP III	Clockwise	800
FER 003	Ferrari Granturismo GMT 45mm	OP VII	Clockwise	800
FER 004	Ferrari Granturismo Chronograph 45mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
FER 008	Ferrari Scuderia Chronograph 45mm	OP XII	Clockwise	800
FER 009	Ferrari Scuderia GMT 45mm	OP VIII	Clockwise	800
FER 014	Ferrari Scuderia Flyback 45mm	OP XIX	Clockwise	800
FER 015	Ferrari Perpetual Calendar 45mm	OP XXII	Clockwise	800
FER 018	Ferrari Granturismo Chronograph 40mm	OP XXIII	Bi-directional	650
FER 019	Ferrari Scuderia Chronograph 40mm	OP XXIII	Bi-directional	650
FER 025	Ferrari 1/8 Second	OP XXI	Clockwise	800

Special case: P.9000, P.9001, P.9002 and P.2003 calibers

Panerai's in-house calibers with long power reserves — P.9000 (3 days), P.9001 (3 days GMT), P.9002 (3 days GMT Power Reserve), and P.2003/P.2003/5 (10 days GMT) — do not have officially published TPDs by Panerai. For these models, apply a conservative setting of 500–650 TPD bi-directional. Their large-capacity mainspring reaches full charge with fewer rotations, and excessive winding would unnecessarily stress the disengagement mechanism.

Which winder to choose for your Panerai?

The Panerai particularity is that most of its calibers require clockwise rotation only — not bi-directional. Your winder must absolutely allow you to select exclusive clockwise rotation, not just bi-directional mode. This is an often-overlooked selection criterion.

For 1 to 2 watches. The Heritage, President, Chancellor and Ambassador ranges offer three rotation modes — clockwise, counter-clockwise, bi-directional — individually adjustable per slot.

For up to 12 watches. These same ranges extend to up to 12 slots, each independently configurable.

For collections requiring security. The Bellagio™, Bellagio Pro™, and Bellagio Max™ safes combine precise winding and complete physical protection.

For absolute demands. The Vauban™: 12 slots, solid steel structure, total insulation, integrated jewelry drawers.

Frequently asked questions about Panerai TPD

Why do most Panerai watches require clockwise rotation only?

Panerai's OP calibers (OP III, OP VIII, OP IX, OP XII...) are designed with a unidirectional winding mechanism optimized for clockwise rotation. In bi-directional mode, half of the rotations do not contribute to winding — which can lead to progressive under-winding on models with high energy requirements.

What is the difference between a Luminor and a Radiomir for the setting?

Generally speaking: Automatic Luminor = 800 TPD clockwise. Radiomir = 650 TPD bi-directional. Luminor 1950 with P.9000 calibers are an exception — their long power reserve requires a lower setting, to be confirmed according to the exact model.

My Panerai 10 Days — what setting should I apply?

For 10 Days GMT models (PAM 235, 270, 273, 274, 323, 335) equipped with the P.2003 caliber, apply 500–650 TPD bi-directional. The 10-day power reserve indicates a large-capacity mainspring that requires little winding to stay charged.

Do you have another brand? Consult our TPD guide for all brands.

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